Cutter’s Rules for
Dictionary Catalogue 1876
·
It was Charles Ammi Cutter who first gave a generalised
set of rules for subject indexing in his Rules for a Dictionary Catalogue
(RDC) published in 1876.
·
Cutter never used the term ‘indexing’; he used the term
‘cataloguing’.
Kaiser’s Systematic
Indexing, 1911
·
Developed
by Julius Otto Kaiser
·
It is a
systematized
alphabetical subject heading practice
·
Kaiser was the first person who applied the idea of Cutter
in indexing micro documents in the library of Tariff Commission as its
librarian
·
He categorized the component terms into two fundamental
categories: (1) Concrete and (2) Process.
·
Concrete refers to l Things, place and abstract terms,
not signifying any action or process; e.g. gold, India, Physics, etc.
·
Process refers to
*Mode of treatment of
the subject by the author
*An action or process
described in the document
*An adjective related to
the concrete as component of the subject. In short, Kaiser’s achievements
regarding subject indexing are:
·
categorization of composite terms through classificatory
approach for the first time;
·
a general rule of order of precedence, i.e. the ‘process’
term should follow the ‘concrete’ term;
·
definition of those terms, of which ‘process’ is
identified properly, that is, he gave
the characteristics of ‘process’ by which it can be identified properly;
·
double entry system for a subject dealing with
place/locality; and elaborate system of references.
Chain Indexing
·
Developed by Dr. S. R. Ranganathan
·
It is also called / known as “chain procedure”
·
It is a method of deriving alphabetical subject entries
from the chain of successive subdivisions of subjects needed to be indexed
leading from general to specific level
·
According to Ranganathan, chain indexing is a “procedure
for deriving class index entry (i.e. subject index entry) which refers from a
class to its class number in a more or less mechanical way.”
·
The term ‘chain’ refers to a modulated sequence of
subclasses or isolates
Relational Indexing
·
devised by J. E.
L. Farradane in 1950
·
This indexing systems also known as the “System of
Relational Analysis”
·
Two or more isolates linked by relational operators
·
Relational operators are special symbols which link the
isolates to show how they are related and each operator is denoted by a slash
and a special symbol having unique meaning
·
Farradane’s marked improvement in the area of subject
indexing was:
**
analysis of relationship among terms;
**
use of relational operators; and
** one to one relationship among analets.
Coates’s Subject
Indexing
·
Developed by E. J. Coates
·
From the contributions of Cutter, Kaiser and Ranganathan,
the concept of Term Significance was drawn
·
Coates has developed the idea of Thing and Action like
Kaiser’s Concrete and Process
PRECIS (PREserved
Context Index System)
·
Developed by Dereck Austin in 1974
·
an alternative procedure for deriving subject headings
and generating index entries for British National Bibliography (BNB) which
since 1952, was following Chain Indexing.
·
Syntax and Semantics of PRECIS
PRECIS
consist of two inter-related sets of working procedures:
1.
Syntactical
2.
Semantic.
·
The PRECIS is based on two principles
1.
Principle of Context Dependency
2.
Principle of One-to One Relationship
·
to achieve the principle of context-dependency, Two-Line-Three-Part
entry structure is followed in PRECIS
·
Formats of PRECIS Index : There are three kinds of format
in PRECIS:
1.
Standard Format,
2.
Inverted Format and
3.
Predicate Transformation
COMPASS (Computer Aided
Subject System)
·
In 1990, it was decided to revise UKMARC and to
replace PRECIS by a more simplified system of subject indexing As a
result Computer Aided Subject System (COMPASS) was introduced for BNB
from 1991.
POPSI (POstulate-based
Permuted Subject Indexing)
Developed by Dr G
Bhattacharyya, 1984
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